Nature of Political Science
Nature of Political Science
There are different views on the nature of politics.
Aristotle, Bodin, Hobbes, Bluntschli, Montesquieu, Lewis,
Sidgwick, etc. hold that politics is a science. But the thinkers like
J.S. Mill, Maitland, Catlin, Barker, Buckle, August Comte, etc.
maintain that it is only an art.
Meaning of Science and Art
Science generally means a systematic way of gathering and
organizing knowledge. Science is knowledge ascertained by
observation and experiment, critically tested, systematized and
brought under general principles.
Art means skill or way of doing a particular thing in a particular
way. It can be improved by practice, guided by principles.
Politics is a science
Politics is considered as science on the following grounds-
1. Politics can be studied in a systematic manner.
2.It is said that experimentation is possible in politics.
3. Political science, like the other sciences, has absolute and
universal laws.
4.It is possible to make predictions in politics, but in a limited
area.
5.There are certain principles and methods on which political thinkers unanimously agree.
6. Politics is a subject which has scientific nature.
7.At present, politics has attained modernity.
Aristotle called politics as supreme science.
Politics is not a science
Politics is not considered as science on the following grounds-
1.Politics has no absolute and universal laws like physical sciences
or exact sciences.
2.It does not observe the theory of cause and effect, which is the
basis of all sciences.
3.The subject of politics has not developed in a steady, regular
and
continuous manner.
4.Scientific methods of observation and experimentation cannot
be
applied to politics because political conditions are ever changing
and difficult to be experimented upon.
5.The subject matter of politics is related to men in society and
men's individuality behavior.
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